我正在尝试在Windows上使用clang和已编译为具有elf64支持的ld版本为Linux上的ELF文件设置交叉编译。 铛编译部分是好的，它输出ELF obj文件，当在Linux上链接工作。 我的testing用例cpp只是主要包含一个printf语句。
要尝试在Windows上的链接，我从我的Ubuntu安装的所有库复制，并指定正确的顺序（因为它们出现在由G ++执行的LD调用）链接器参数所需的那些。 问题是，输出文件与linux上生成的输出文件略有不同，它不会作为可执行文件运行。 例如，我注意到，在Windows上链接的版本中，有一个未定义的符号“printf”，它在linux版本中似乎变成了“puts”。
无论如何，我想知道是否有人知道这里发生了什么。
我的实际连接参数是这样的：
LFLAGS = --build-id --eh-frame-hdr --oformat elf64-x86-64 -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -z relro --verbose LIBDIRS = -LI:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1 -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib -LI:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\lib LIBS = I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-2.17.so I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crt1.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crti.o I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtbegin.o Test.o I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libstdc++.so.6.0.18 I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc.so.6 I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc_nonshared.a I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtend.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crtn.o all: $(MAIN) ./ld-new.exe $(LFLAGS) $(LIBDIRS) $(LIBS) -o Test $(MAIN): clang $(CFLAGS) $(SYSINCLUDES) -o $(OBJS) -x c++ $(SRCS) 链接在Linux上：
================================================== attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o attempt to open Test.o succeeded Test.o attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libstdc++.so succeeded -lstdc++ (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libstdc++.so) attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libm.so failed attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libm.a failed attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so succeeded -lm (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so) attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so succeeded -lgcc_s (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so) attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.so failed attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a succeeded attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libc.so failed attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libc.a failed attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so succeeded opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 succeeded /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a succeeded (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeeded /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so succeeded -lgcc_s (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so) attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.so failed attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a succeeded attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
在Linux上的nm输出：
k@system:/shared$ nm ./Test 0000000000601040 B __bss_start 0000000000601040 b completed.6992 0000000000601030 D __data_start 0000000000601030 W data_start 0000000000400470 t deregister_tm_clones 00000000004004e0 t __do_global_dtors_aux 0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry 0000000000601038 D __dso_handle 0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC 0000000000601040 D _edata 0000000000601048 B _end 00000000004005e4 T _fini 0000000000400500 t frame_dummy 0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry 0000000000400718 r __FRAME_END__ 0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ w __gmon_start__ 00000000004003e0 T _init 0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end 0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start 00000000004005f0 R _IO_stdin_used w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable 0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__ 0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__ w _Jv_RegisterClasses 00000000004005e0 T __libc_csu_fini 0000000000400550 T __libc_csu_init U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5 000000000040052d T main U puts@@GLIBC_2.2.5 00000000004004a0 t register_tm_clones 0000000000400440 T _start 0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__
在Windows上链接：
================================================== attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so succeeded I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o succeeded I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o succeeded I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o succeeded I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o attempt to open Test.o succeeded Test.o attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libstdc++.so.6.0.18 succeeded I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libstdc++.so.6.0.18 attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libm-2.17.so succeeded I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libm-2.17.so attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so succeeded opened script file I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 succeeded /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a succeeded (I:/Linux/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeeded /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a succeeded attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o succeeded I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o succeeded I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by I:/Linux/libs/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.17.so found ld-2.17.so at I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so
nm输出的windows生成的可执行文件
k@system:/shared$ nm ./Test 0000000000601040 B __bss_start 0000000000601040 b completed.6992 0000000000601030 D __data_start 0000000000601030 W data_start 0000000000400470 t deregister_tm_clones 00000000004004e0 t __do_global_dtors_aux 0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry 0000000000601038 D __dso_handle 0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC 0000000000601040 D _edata 0000000000601048 B _end 00000000004005f4 T _fini 0000000000400500 t frame_dummy 0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry 0000000000400728 r __FRAME_END__ 0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ w __gmon_start__ 00000000004003d8 T _init 0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end 0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start 0000000000400600 R _IO_stdin_used w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable 0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__ 0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__ w _Jv_RegisterClasses 00000000004005f0 T __libc_csu_fini 0000000000400560 T __libc_csu_init U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5 0000000000400530 T main U printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5 00000000004004a0 t register_tm_clones 0000000000400440 T _start 0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__ k@system:/shared$ ./Test bash: ./Test: No such file or directory
编辑 – 更多信息
通过不会运行我的意思是Ubuntu的给出的消息：
bash: ./Test: No such file or directory
这是file / ldd的结果
k@system:/shared$ file ./Test ./Test: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=0xee999db5a0e77d05f50d8fd78a27fc3ac52584b1, not stripped k@system:/shared$ ldd ./Test linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffff2bfe000) libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5e2b60c000) /lib/ld64.so.1 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5e2b9eb000)
编辑2-
自从我试图更接近于复制linux上的确切链接过程。
LFLAGS = --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-2.17.so -z relro --verbose LIBDIRS = -LI:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1 -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib -LI:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\lib LIBS_BEGIN = I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crt1.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crti.o I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtbegin.o LIBS_END = I:\\Linux\\lib\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libstdc++.so I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc_nonshared.a I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc.so.6 I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtend.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crtn.o all: $(MAIN) ./ld-new.exe $(LFLAGS) -o Test $(LIBS_BEGIN) $(LIBDIRS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS_END)
在Windows上更新链接：
================================================== attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o succeeded I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o succeeded I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o succeeded I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o attempt to open Test.o succeeded Test.o attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libstdc++.so succeeded I:\Linux\lib\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libstdc++.so attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a succeeded (I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeede d I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6 succeeded I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6 attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o succeeded I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o succeeded I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6 found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64 .so.2
更新nm运行在文件“testing”
0000000000601040 B __bss_start 0000000000601040 b completed.6992 0000000000601030 D __data_start 0000000000601030 W data_start 0000000000400490 t deregister_tm_clones 0000000000400500 t __do_global_dtors_aux 0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry 0000000000601038 D __dso_handle 0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC 0000000000601040 D _edata 0000000000601048 B _end 0000000000400614 T _fini 0000000000400520 t frame_dummy 0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry 0000000000400748 r __FRAME_END__ 0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ w __gmon_start__ 00000000004003f8 T _init 0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end 0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start 0000000000400620 R _IO_stdin_used w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable 0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__ 0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__ w _Jv_RegisterClasses 0000000000400610 T __libc_csu_fini 0000000000400580 T __libc_csu_init U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5 0000000000400550 T main U printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5 00000000004004c0 t register_tm_clones 0000000000400460 T _start 0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__
文件上的llvm-readobj结果：
I:\LLVM_BUILD\VC12\64\Release\bin>llvm-readobj -file-headers Test File: Test Format: ELF64-x86-64 Arch: x86_64 AddressSize: 64bit LoadName: ElfHeader { Ident { Magic: (7F 45 4C 46) Class: 64-bit (0x2) DataEncoding: LittleEndian (0x1) FileVersion: 1 OS/ABI: SystemV (0x0) ABIVersion: 0 Unused: (00 00 00 00 00 00 00) } Type: Executable (0x2) Machine: EM_X86_64 (0x3E) Version: 1 Entry: 0x400460 ProgramHeaderOffset: 0x40 SectionHeaderOffset: 0x11C0 Flags [ (0x0) ] HeaderSize: 64 ProgramHeaderEntrySize: 56 ProgramHeaderCount: 9 SectionHeaderEntrySize: 64 SectionHeaderCount: 30 StringTableSectionIndex: 27
而实际的链接，表面上可执行的文件本身：
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/1735585/Test
如果文件在那里并且可执行，那么“没有这样的文件或目录”错误可能有点混乱。 如果没有找到ELF解释器（执行共享库链接的程序），那么执行文件时也会出现这个错误。
那是这里发生的事情。 来自readelf -l Test的相关行readelf -l Test ：
INTERP 0x0000000000000238 0x0000000000400238 0x0000000000400238 0x000000000000002e 0x000000000000002e R 1 [Requesting program interpreter: I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so]
很明显，在Linux系统上不会找到解释器。 出于某种原因， ldd显示映射到该条目的正确解释器的文件。
我不能告诉你如何解决这个问题，但在正确的解释器中， ldd不会显示映射。 例如：
$ ldd /bin/true linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff1bbff000) libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f94ff99f000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f94ffd73000)