gem install pg无法绑定到libpq

在Ubuntu 10.04.3上升级到Ruby 1.9.3（从1.9.2使用系统RVM）之后，我删除了所有的gem，并试图重新安装pg（ala bundle install pg ）。

然后它抛出一个错误，并通知我，我应该看看mkmf.log，这两个都包含在这个要点： https ：//gist.github.com/d05a81701d968895c730

libpq-dev，libpq5和postgresql-client都已​​经安装并正常工作。 指向pg_config的gem，以及include和bin目录直接不会改变任何东西。

我已经看到了几个关于在stackoverflow和其他网页上的类似的错误消息的问题，但他们都似乎是简单的缺less依赖问题（其中大部分是通过安装libpq-dev解​​决的），所以我有点儿的损失。

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其他各种可能有用/相关的属性：

• ruby1.9.3p0（2011-10-30修订版33570）[i686-linux]
• rvm 1.10.1（系统）
• gem1.8.15
• psql（PostgreSQL）8.4.9

提前致谢。

gem_make.out：

 Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin/ruby extconf.rb checking for pg_config... yes Using config values from /usr/bin/pg_config checking for libpq-fe.h... yes checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... no checking for PQconnectdb() in -llibpq... no checking for PQconnectdb() in -lms/libpq... no Can't find the PostgreSQL client library (libpq) *** extconf.rb failed *** Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may need configuration options. 

ldd.stdout：

 $ldd /usr/lib/libpq.so linux-gate.so.1 => (0xf57fe000) libssl.so.0.9.8 => /lib/i686/cmov/libssl.so.0.9.8 (0xb77f4000) libcrypto.so.0.9.8 => /lib/i686/cmov/libcrypto.so.0.9.8 (0xb76a2000) libkrb5.so.3 => /usr/lib/libkrb5.so.3 (0xb75f1000) libcom_err.so.2 => /lib/libcom_err.so.2 (0xb75ec000) libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /usr/lib/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0xb75bd000) libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libcrypt.so.1 (0xb758b000) libldap_r-2.4.so.2 => /usr/lib/libldap_r-2.4.so.2 (0xb7544000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0 (0xb752b000) libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6 (0xb73d0000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libdl.so.2 (0xb73cc000) libz.so.1 => /lib/libz.so.1 (0xb73b7000) libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib/libk5crypto.so.3 (0xb7393000) libkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib/libkrb5support.so.0 (0xb738b000) libkeyutils.so.1 => /lib/libkeyutils.so.1 (0xb7386000) libresolv.so.2 => /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libresolv.so.2 (0xb7372000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb786a000) liblber-2.4.so.2 => /usr/lib/liblber-2.4.so.2 (0xb7365000) libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2 (0xb734d000) libgnutls.so.26 => /usr/lib/libgnutls.so.26 (0xb72b2000) libtasn1.so.3 => /usr/lib/libtasn1.so.3 (0xb72a0000) libgcrypt.so.11 => /lib/libgcrypt.so.11 (0xb722d000) libgpg-error.so.0 => /lib/libgpg-error.so.0 (0xb7228000) 

pgconfig.stdout：

 $pg_config --ldflags --libs -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,--as-needed -lpgport -lxslt -lxml2 -lpam -lssl -lcrypto -lkrb5 -lcom_err -lgssapi_krb5 -lz -lreadline -lcrypt -ldl -lm 

mkmf.log：

 find_executable: checking for pg_config... -------------------- yes -------------------- find_header: checking for libpq-fe.h... -------------------- yes "gcc -o conftest -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -I/usr/local/rvm/usr/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/postgresql -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fPIC conftest.c -L. -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -L. -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -L/usr/lib -Wl,-R -Wl,/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -lruby -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm -lc" checked program was: /* begin */ 1: #include "ruby.h" 2: 3: int main() {return 0;} /* end */ "gcc -E -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -I/usr/local/rvm/usr/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/postgresql -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fPIC conftest.c -o conftest.i" checked program was: /* begin */ 1: #include "ruby.h" 2: 3: #include <libpq-fe.h> /* end */ -------------------- find_header: checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... -------------------- yes "gcc -E -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -I/usr/local/rvm/usr/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/postgresql -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fPIC conftest.c -o conftest.i" checked program was: /* begin */ 1: #include "ruby.h" 2: 3: #include <libpq/libpq-fs.h> /* end */ -------------------- have_library: checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... -------------------- no "gcc -o conftest -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -I/usr/local/rvm/usr/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/postgresql -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fPIC conftest.c -L. -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -L. -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -L/usr/lib -Wl,-R -Wl,/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -lruby -lpq -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm -lc" /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `X509_STORE_set_flags@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `CRYPTO_set_locking_callback@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ENGINE_init@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ENGINE_free@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ENGINE_load_private_key@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ENGINE_finish@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `X509_check_private_key@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `X509_free@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_new@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_pending@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `TLSv1_method@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `X509_STORE_load_locations@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_verify@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ERR_pop_to_mark@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_new@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_get_error@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ERR_get_error@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ENGINE_by_id@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_write@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_load_error_strings@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `BIO_ctrl@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `CRYPTO_set_id_callback@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_free@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `BIO_free@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_get_cert_store@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `X509_get_subject_name@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_shutdown@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `PEM_read_bio_X509@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ERR_set_mark@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `OPENSSL_config@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_read@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_ctrl@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ERR_reason_error_string@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_get_peer_certificate@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `X509_NAME_oneline@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_set_ex_data@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_set_fd@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_library_init@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `CRYPTO_num_locks@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_get_ex_data@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `SSL_connect@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `BIO_new_file@OPENSSL_0.9.8' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status checked program was: /* begin */ 1: #include "ruby.h" 2: 3: #include <libpq-fe.h> 4: 5: /*top*/ 6: int main() {return 0;} 7: int t() { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))PQconnectdb; return 0; } /* end */ "gcc -o conftest -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -I/usr/local/rvm/usr/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/postgresql -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fPIC conftest.c -L. -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -L. -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -L/usr/lib -Wl,-R -Wl,/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -lruby -lpq -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm -lc" conftest.c: In function 't': conftest.c:7: error: too few arguments to function 'PQconnectdb' checked program was: /* begin */ 1: #include "ruby.h" 2: 3: #include <libpq-fe.h> 4: 5: /*top*/ 6: int main() {return 0;} 7: int t() { PQconnectdb(); return 0; } /* end */ -------------------- have_library: checking for PQconnectdb() in -llibpq... -------------------- no "gcc -o conftest -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -I/usr/local/rvm/usr/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/postgresql -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fPIC conftest.c -L. -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -L. -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -L/usr/lib -Wl,-R -Wl,/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -lruby -llibpq -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm -lc" /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -llibpq collect2: ld returned 1 exit status checked program was: /* begin */ 1: #include "ruby.h" 2: 3: #include <libpq-fe.h> 4: 5: /*top*/ 6: int main() {return 0;} 7: int t() { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))PQconnectdb; return 0; } /* end */ "gcc -o conftest -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -I/usr/local/rvm/usr/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/postgresql -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fPIC conftest.c -L. -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -L. -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -L/usr/lib -Wl,-R -Wl,/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -lruby -llibpq -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm -lc" conftest.c: In function 't': conftest.c:7: error: too few arguments to function 'PQconnectdb' checked program was: /* begin */ 1: #include "ruby.h" 2: 3: #include <libpq-fe.h> 4: 5: /*top*/ 6: int main() {return 0;} 7: int t() { PQconnectdb(); return 0; } /* end */ -------------------- have_library: checking for PQconnectdb() in -lms/libpq... -------------------- no "gcc -o conftest -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -I/usr/local/rvm/usr/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/postgresql -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fPIC conftest.c -L. -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -L. -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -L/usr/lib -Wl,-R -Wl,/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -lruby -lms/libpq -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm -lc" /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lms/libpq collect2: ld returned 1 exit status checked program was: /* begin */ 1: #include "ruby.h" 2: 3: #include <libpq-fe.h> 4: 5: /*top*/ 6: int main() {return 0;} 7: int t() { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))PQconnectdb; return 0; } /* end */ "gcc -o conftest -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -I/usr/local/rvm/usr/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/postgresql -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fPIC conftest.c -L. -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -L. -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -L/usr/lib -Wl,-R -Wl,/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -lruby -lms/libpq -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm -lc" conftest.c: In function 't': conftest.c:7: error: too few arguments to function 'PQconnectdb' checked program was: /* begin */ 1: #include "ruby.h" 2: 3: #include <libpq-fe.h> 4: 5: /*top*/ 6: int main() {return 0;} 7: int t() { PQconnectdb(); return 0; } /* end */ -------------------- 

  mv ~/.rvm/usr/lib ~/.rvm/usr/lib_rvm 

 "gcc -o conftest -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -I/usr/local/rvm/usr/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/postgresql -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -fPIC conftest.c -L. -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/rvm/usr/lib -L. -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -L/usr/lib -Wl,-R -Wl,/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -L/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib -lruby -lpq -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm -lc" /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `X509_STORE_set_flags@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `CRYPTO_set_locking_callback@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ENGINE_init@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ENGINE_free@OPENSSL_0.9.8' /usr/lib/libpq.so: undefined reference to `ENGINE_load_private_key@OPENSSL_0.9.8' ...