使用GLUT和MinGW的未定义引用

下面显示的初始命令在编译用C编写的OpenGL程序时产生以下错误

C:\Users\razz\Desktop>gcc -Wall -ofoo mycube.c -lglut32cu -lglu32 -lopengl32 C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `__glutInitWithExit' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x37): undefined reference to `__glutCreateWindowWithExit' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x52): undefined reference to `__glutCreateMenuWithExit' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x66): undefined reference to `_imp__glClear' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x6d): undefined reference to `_imp__glLoadIdentity' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x9e): undefined reference to `_imp__glRotatef' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0xcf): undefined reference to `_imp__glRotatef' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0xdd): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0xfe): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x11f): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x140): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x161): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x182): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1a3): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1c4): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1e5): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1ec): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1fa): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x21b): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x23c): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x25d): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x27e): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x29f): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2a6): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2b4): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2d5): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2f6): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x317): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x338): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x359): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x360): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x36e): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x38f): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x3b0): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x3d1): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x3f2): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x413): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x41a): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x428): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x449): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x46a): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x48b): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4ac): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4cd): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4d4): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4e2): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x503): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x524): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x545): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x566): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x587): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x58e): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x595): undefined reference to `_imp__glFlush' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x59c): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x617): undefined reference to `glutPostRedisplay' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x645): undefined reference to `glutInitDisplayMode' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x65d): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnable' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x66c): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x678): undefined reference to `glutSpecialFunc' C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x67d): undefined reference to `glutMainLoop' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

我知道这个问题已经在标题为“未定义引用使用GLUT”和“GLUT程序链接错误”的线程中被询问过。

不幸的是，他们的行话大部分都在我之上，所以我不太清楚如何应用他们的解决scheme。其次，根据操作系统，编译器，GLUT版本等等的不同，有数十种可能的configuration，我甚至不确定它们的场景是否与我的相关。这是我的场景：

使用Windows 7 x64

使用这里提供的GLUT： http : //www.prinmath.com/csci5229/misc/install.html （下载链接是“我的GLUT版本”）

你应该关心的C程序是在http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Cube-in-OpenGL中给出的

我安装了MinGW，“gcc”命令有效; 我已经成功编译了一个简单的“Hello World”C程序

头文件位于C：\ MinGW \ include \ GL \ glut.h

我把glut32.dll放在C：\ Windows \ system32和C：\ Windows \ SysWOW64中

libglut32cu.a位于C：\ MinGW \ lib，C：\ MinGW \ usr \ lib，C：\ MinGW \ usr \ lib64中。我知道在技术上只需要一个，但我试过三个人都希望其中一个能够工作。在上述PrinMath网站上的说明build议尝试后两个文件夹，看来，当我的错误发生。他还build议使用“-L标志告诉链接器它在哪里”。所以我试图在命令提示符下input：

 gcc -Wall -ofoo mycube.c -L"C:\MinGW\lib" -lglut32cu -lglu32 -lopengl32

不幸的是，结果是一样的。

您下载的大量库是为32位程序而构建的。它看起来像你的MinGW正在建立一个64位的目标，使用不同的名称比32位（反正是不兼容）。

尝试添加-m32选项来让MinGW建立一个32位程序：

 gcc -m32 -Wall -ofoo mycube.c -L"C:\MinGW\lib" -lglut32cu -lglu32 -lopengl32

请注意，mt 64位MinGW编译器（来自http://tdm-gcc.tdragon.net/download的 gcc版本4.6.1（tdm64-1））给出了一个关于这个问题的小线索：

 ld.exe: skipping incompatible .\glut32\lib/libglut32cu.a when searching for -lglut32cu ld.exe: cannot find -lglut32cu

在源文件mycube.c的顶部，你必须包括

 #include<windows.h>

或包括

 #include<GL/gl.h> or #include<GL/glu.h>

那么编译你的代码就不会有这种类型的错误了。