我正在运行一个脚本，在文件名中replace德文变音符号。 有超过1700个文件，我需要做到这一点，但我得到一个错误，指示脚本运行了一段时间后有太多打开的文件。 任何人有任何想法如何解决这个问题？ 反馈是非常感谢！
码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ''' Script replaces all umlauts in filenames within a root directory and its subdirectories with the English equivalent (ie. ä replaced with ae, Ä replaced with Ae).''' import os import itertools import logging from itertools import groupby ##workspace = u'G:\\Dvkoord\\GIS\\TEMP\\Tle\\Scripts\\Umlaut' workspace = u'G:\\Gis\\DATEN' log = 'Umlauts.log' logPath = r"G:\Dvkoord\GIS\TEMP\Tle\Scripts\Umlaut\Umlauts.log" logMessageFormat = '%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s' def GetFilepaths(directory): """Function returns a list of file paths in a directory tree using os.walk. Parameter: directory """ file_paths = [] for root, directories, files in os.walk(directory): for filename in files: filepath = os.path.join(root, filename) file_paths.append(filepath) ## file_paths = list(set(file_paths)) return file_paths def uniq(input): output = [] for x in input: if x not in output: output.append(x) return output def Logging(logFile, logLevel, destination, textFormat, comment): """Function writes a log file. Parameters: logFile (name the log file w/extension), logLevel (DEBUG, INFO, etc.), destination (path under which the log file will be saved including name and extension), textFormat (how the log text will be formatted) and comment. """ # logging logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # set log level logger.setLevel(logLevel) # create a file handler for the log -- unless a separate path is specified, it will output to the directory where this script is stored logging.FileHandler(logFile) handler = logging.FileHandler(destination) handler.setLevel(logLevel) # create a logging format formatter = logging.Formatter(textFormat) handler.setFormatter(formatter) # add the handlers to the logger logger.addHandler(handler) logger.info(comment) def main(): # dictionary of umlaut unicode representations (keys) and their replacements (values) umlautDictionary = { u'Ä': 'Ae', u'Ö': 'Oe', u'Ü': 'Ue', u'ä': 'ae', u'ö': 'oe', u'ü': 'ue', u'ß': 'ss' } dataTypes = [".CPG", ".dbf", ".prj", ".sbn", ".sbx", ".shp", ".shx", ".shp.xml", ".lyr"] # get file paths in root directory and subfolders filePathsList = GetFilepaths(workspace) # put all filepaths with an umlaut in filePathsUmlaut list filePathsUmlaut = [] for fileName in filePathsList: ## print fileName for umlaut in umlautDictionary: if umlaut in os.path.basename(fileName): for dataType in dataTypes: if dataType in fileName: ## print fileName filePathsUmlaut.append(fileName) # remove duplicate paths from filePathsUmlaut uniquesUmlauts = uniq(filePathsUmlaut) # create a dictionary for umlaut translation umap = { ord(key):unicode(val) for key, val in umlautDictionary.items() } # use translate and umap dictionary to replace umlauts in file name and put them in the newFilePaths list # without changing any of the umlauts in folder names or upper directories newFilePaths = [] for fileName in uniquesUmlauts: pardir = os.path.dirname(fileName) baseName = os.path.basename(fileName) newBaseFileName = baseName.translate(umap) newPath = os.path.join(pardir, newBaseFileName) newFilePaths.append(newPath) newFilePaths = uniq(newFilePaths) # create a dictionary with the old umlaut path as key and new non-umlaut path as value dictionaryOldNew = dict(itertools.izip(uniquesUmlauts, newFilePaths)) # rename old file (key) as new file (value) for files in uniquesUmlauts: for key, value in dictionaryOldNew.iteritems(): if key == files: comment = '%s'%files + ' wurde als ' '%s'%value + ' umbenannt.' print comment if os.path.exists(value): os.remove(value) os.rename(files, value) Logging(log, logging.INFO, logPath, logMessageFormat, comment) if __name__ == '__main__': main() 我认为这个问题是你的Logging功能。 每次登录时，都会创建一个新的FileHandler并将其添加到一组处理程序中，并为每个重命名的文件执行此操作，以便快速达到打开文件描述符的限制。 配置您的记录器一次，然后多次使用它，不要在每次使用时配置它。
请注意， Logging可能不会引发异常; 在Windows上删除文件涉及打开删除，所以你可以最大限度地打开文件与记录器，然后尝试删除文件时失败。