如何在Windows上使用Python检索附近无线LANnetworking的信号强度？

如果您使用的是Windows ，则可能需要使用提供“WlanGetAvailableNetworkList（）”功能的WLAN API （请参阅API文档以了解使用方法）。 我没有意识到任何蟒蛇包装WLANAPI.DLL所以你可能必须使用ctypes自己包装它。 我有一个初步的脚本来做这件事（ 为我工作 ），但它可能是蹩脚的。 您需要阅读文档以了解所有字段的含义：

 from ctypes import * from ctypes.wintypes import * from sys import exit def customresize(array, new_size): return (array._type_*new_size).from_address(addressof(array)) wlanapi = windll.LoadLibrary('wlanapi.dll') ERROR_SUCCESS = 0 class GUID(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('Data1', c_ulong), ('Data2', c_ushort), ('Data3', c_ushort), ('Data4', c_ubyte*8), ] WLAN_INTERFACE_STATE = c_uint (wlan_interface_state_not_ready, wlan_interface_state_connected, wlan_interface_state_ad_hoc_network_formed, wlan_interface_state_disconnecting, wlan_interface_state_disconnected, wlan_interface_state_associating, wlan_interface_state_discovering, wlan_interface_state_authenticating) = map(WLAN_INTERFACE_STATE, xrange(0, 8)) class WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("InterfaceGuid", GUID), ("strInterfaceDescription", c_wchar * 256), ("isState", WLAN_INTERFACE_STATE) ] class WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO_LIST(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("NumberOfItems", DWORD), ("Index", DWORD), ("InterfaceInfo", WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO * 1) ] WLAN_MAX_PHY_TYPE_NUMBER = 0x8 DOT11_SSID_MAX_LENGTH = 32 WLAN_REASON_CODE = DWORD DOT11_BSS_TYPE = c_uint (dot11_BSS_type_infrastructure, dot11_BSS_type_independent, dot11_BSS_type_any) = map(DOT11_BSS_TYPE, xrange(1, 4)) DOT11_PHY_TYPE = c_uint dot11_phy_type_unknown = 0 dot11_phy_type_any = 0 dot11_phy_type_fhss = 1 dot11_phy_type_dsss = 2 dot11_phy_type_irbaseband = 3 dot11_phy_type_ofdm = 4 dot11_phy_type_hrdsss = 5 dot11_phy_type_erp = 6 dot11_phy_type_ht = 7 dot11_phy_type_IHV_start = 0x80000000 dot11_phy_type_IHV_end = 0xffffffff DOT11_AUTH_ALGORITHM = c_uint DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_80211_OPEN = 1 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_80211_SHARED_KEY = 2 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_WPA = 3 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_WPA_PSK = 4 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_WPA_NONE = 5 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_RSNA = 6 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_RSNA_PSK = 7 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_IHV_START = 0x80000000 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_IHV_END = 0xffffffff DOT11_CIPHER_ALGORITHM = c_uint DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_NONE = 0x00 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_WEP40 = 0x01 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_TKIP = 0x02 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_CCMP = 0x04 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_WEP104 = 0x05 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_WPA_USE_GROUP = 0x100 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_RSN_USE_GROUP = 0x100 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_WEP = 0x101 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_IHV_START = 0x80000000 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_IHV_END = 0xffffffff WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_CONNECTED = 1 WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_HAS_PROFILE = 2 WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_INCLUDE_ALL_ADHOC_PROFILES = 0x00000001 WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_INCLUDE_ALL_MANUAL_HIDDEN_PROFILES = 0x00000002 class DOT11_SSID(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("SSIDLength", c_ulong), ("SSID", c_char * DOT11_SSID_MAX_LENGTH) ] class WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("ProfileName", c_wchar * 256), ("dot11Ssid", DOT11_SSID), ("dot11BssType", DOT11_BSS_TYPE), ("NumberOfBssids", c_ulong), ("NetworkConnectable", c_bool), ("wlanNotConnectableReason", WLAN_REASON_CODE), ("NumberOfPhyTypes", c_ulong), ("dot11PhyTypes", DOT11_PHY_TYPE * WLAN_MAX_PHY_TYPE_NUMBER), ("MorePhyTypes", c_bool), ("wlanSignalQuality", c_ulong), ("SecurityEnabled", c_bool), ("dot11DefaultAuthAlgorithm", DOT11_AUTH_ALGORITHM), ("dot11DefaultCipherAlgorithm", DOT11_CIPHER_ALGORITHM), ("Flags", DWORD), ("Reserved", DWORD) ] class WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_LIST(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("NumberOfItems", DWORD), ("Index", DWORD), ("Network", WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK * 1) ] WlanOpenHandle = wlanapi.WlanOpenHandle WlanOpenHandle.argtypes = (DWORD, c_void_p, POINTER(DWORD), POINTER(HANDLE)) WlanOpenHandle.restype = DWORD WlanEnumInterfaces = wlanapi.WlanEnumInterfaces WlanEnumInterfaces.argtypes = (HANDLE, c_void_p, POINTER(POINTER(WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO_LIST))) WlanEnumInterfaces.restype = DWORD WlanGetAvailableNetworkList = wlanapi.WlanGetAvailableNetworkList WlanGetAvailableNetworkList.argtypes = (HANDLE, POINTER(GUID), DWORD, c_void_p, POINTER(POINTER(WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_LIST))) WlanGetAvailableNetworkList.restype = DWORD WlanFreeMemory = wlanapi.WlanFreeMemory WlanFreeMemory.argtypes = [c_void_p] if __name__ == '__main__': NegotiatedVersion = DWORD() ClientHandle = HANDLE() ret = WlanOpenHandle(1, None, byref(NegotiatedVersion), byref(ClientHandle)) if ret != ERROR_SUCCESS: exit(FormatError(ret)) # find all wireless network interfaces pInterfaceList = pointer(WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO_LIST()) ret = WlanEnumInterfaces(ClientHandle, None, byref(pInterfaceList)) if ret != ERROR_SUCCESS: exit(FormatError(ret)) try: ifaces = customresize(pInterfaceList.contents.InterfaceInfo, pInterfaceList.contents.NumberOfItems) # find each available network for each interface for iface in ifaces: print "Interface: %s" % (iface.strInterfaceDescription) pAvailableNetworkList = pointer(WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_LIST()) ret = WlanGetAvailableNetworkList(ClientHandle, byref(iface.InterfaceGuid), 0, None, byref(pAvailableNetworkList)) if ret != ERROR_SUCCESS: exit(FormatError(ret)) try: avail_net_list = pAvailableNetworkList.contents networks = customresize(avail_net_list.Network, avail_net_list.NumberOfItems) for network in networks: print "SSID: %s, quality: %02d%%" % ( network.dot11Ssid.SSID[:network.dot11Ssid.SSIDLength], network.wlanSignalQuality) finally: WlanFreeMemory(pAvailableNetworkList) finally: WlanFreeMemory(pInterfaceList) 

在linux上 ，你有几个选择：

标准选项是解析iwlist -scan的输出。 但是，如果您当前连接到一个wlan而不是以root身份运行，它只会返回当前连接的wlan。

如果您需要比这更多，最好的方法是查询无线管理器守护进程。 在现代的Linux上，这通常是NetworkManager ，尽管wicd正变得越来越流行。 这两位经理都可以使用dbus查询。 除非您可以控制客户端在系统上的功能，否则您可能需要同时支持这两个选项，或者至少支持一个选项，并为iwlist提供备用服务。

如果您不想处理Windows API，则可以使用此处显示的方法稍作修改。

你可以使用这个命令：

 netsh wlan show networks mode=Bssid 

使用这个代码

 import subprocess results = subprocess.check_output(["netsh", "wlan", "show", "network", "mode=Bssid"]) 

这将给你另外一个“信号”信息的百分比。 这可以使用这种方法转换为RSSI。

那么你可以调用系统命令来获取该信息（Linux = iwlist），解析结果，并显示它。

@fmark我只是想说，谢谢你这么棒的帖子。 在我的工作中，我一直在尝试从Windows中的连接AP获取RSSI，并且我非常感谢我终于完成了它。 我目前列出所有的AP，但我正在修改它。 我想给你的代码提供一个建议。 我对C或者Python的CTypes模块并不是非常有经验，但是我想我可能会发现一个可能的错误。 我真的不知道它有什么不同，但我注意到：

你可以像这样定义枚举：

 DOT11_BSS_TYPE = c_uint (dot11_BSS_type_infrastructure, dot11_BSS_type_independent, dot11_BSS_type_any) = map(DOT11_BSS_TYPE, xrange(1, 4)) 

但是在其他时候，你可以定义类似这样的东西：

 DOT11_PHY_TYPE = c_uint dot11_phy_type_unknown = 0 dot11_phy_type_any = 0 dot11_phy_type_fhss = 1 dot11_phy_type_dsss = 2 dot11_phy_type_irbaseband = 3 dot11_phy_type_ofdm = 4 dot11_phy_type_hrdsss = 5 dot11_phy_type_erp = 6 dot11_phy_type_ht = 7 dot11_phy_type_IHV_start = 0x80000000 dot11_phy_type_IHV_end = 0xffffffff 

我认为第二个应该像第一个那样模仿，但是我可能是错的。 这是我的想法：

 DOT11_PHY_TYPE = c_uint (dot11_phy_type_unknown, dot11_phy_type_any, dot11_phy_type_fhss, dot11_phy_type_dsss, dot11_phy_type_irbaseband, dot11_phy_type_ofdm, dot11_phy_type_hrdsss, dot11_phy_type_erp, dot11_phy_type_ht, dot11_phy_type_IHV_start, dot11_phy_type_IHV_end) = map(DOT11_PHY_TYPE, [0,0,1,2,3,4, 5,6,7,0x80000000, 0xffffffff]) 

这样，这些值将正确映射到DOT11_PHY_TYPE。 也许我完全错了，但对于像我这样的未来人来说，我只是想在这里发现任何被误导的东西是正确的:)再次感谢@fmark。

所以，我基于@fmarks代码（这对我来说更加安全），并且您应该添加WlanScan函数，否则RSSI值将不会刷新 。

这是我的扩展代码！

所有道具@fmarks！

 __author__ = 'Pedro Gomes' import time from ctypes import * from ctypes.wintypes import * from sys import exit def customresize(array, new_size): return (array._type_*new_size).from_address(addressof(array)) wlanapi = windll.LoadLibrary('wlanapi.dll') ERROR_SUCCESS = 0 class GUID(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('Data1', c_ulong), ('Data2', c_ushort), ('Data3', c_ushort), ('Data4', c_ubyte*8), ] WLAN_INTERFACE_STATE = c_uint (wlan_interface_state_not_ready, wlan_interface_state_connected, wlan_interface_state_ad_hoc_network_formed, wlan_interface_state_disconnecting, wlan_interface_state_disconnected, wlan_interface_state_associating, wlan_interface_state_discovering, wlan_interface_state_authenticating) = map(WLAN_INTERFACE_STATE, xrange(0, 8)) class WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("InterfaceGuid", GUID), ("strInterfaceDescription", c_wchar * 256), ("isState", WLAN_INTERFACE_STATE) ] class WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO_LIST(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("NumberOfItems", DWORD), ("Index", DWORD), ("InterfaceInfo", WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO * 1) ] WLAN_MAX_PHY_TYPE_NUMBER = 0x8 DOT11_SSID_MAX_LENGTH = 32 WLAN_REASON_CODE = DWORD DOT11_BSS_TYPE = c_uint (dot11_BSS_type_infrastructure, dot11_BSS_type_independent, dot11_BSS_type_any) = map(DOT11_BSS_TYPE, xrange(1, 4)) DOT11_PHY_TYPE = c_uint dot11_phy_type_unknown = 0 dot11_phy_type_any = 0 dot11_phy_type_fhss = 1 dot11_phy_type_dsss = 2 dot11_phy_type_irbaseband = 3 dot11_phy_type_ofdm = 4 dot11_phy_type_hrdsss = 5 dot11_phy_type_erp = 6 dot11_phy_type_ht = 7 dot11_phy_type_IHV_start = 0x80000000 dot11_phy_type_IHV_end = 0xffffffff DOT11_AUTH_ALGORITHM = c_uint DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_80211_OPEN = 1 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_80211_SHARED_KEY = 2 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_WPA = 3 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_WPA_PSK = 4 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_WPA_NONE = 5 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_RSNA = 6 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_RSNA_PSK = 7 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_IHV_START = 0x80000000 DOT11_AUTH_ALGO_IHV_END = 0xffffffff DOT11_CIPHER_ALGORITHM = c_uint DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_NONE = 0x00 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_WEP40 = 0x01 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_TKIP = 0x02 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_CCMP = 0x04 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_WEP104 = 0x05 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_WPA_USE_GROUP = 0x100 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_RSN_USE_GROUP = 0x100 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_WEP = 0x101 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_IHV_START = 0x80000000 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_IHV_END = 0xffffffff WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_CONNECTED = 1 WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_HAS_PROFILE = 2 WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_INCLUDE_ALL_ADHOC_PROFILES = 0x00000001 WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_INCLUDE_ALL_MANUAL_HIDDEN_PROFILES = 0x00000002 class DOT11_SSID(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("SSIDLength", c_ulong), ("SSID", c_char * DOT11_SSID_MAX_LENGTH) ] class WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("ProfileName", c_wchar * 256), ("dot11Ssid", DOT11_SSID), ("dot11BssType", DOT11_BSS_TYPE), ("NumberOfBssids", c_ulong), ("NetworkConnectable", c_bool), ("wlanNotConnectableReason", WLAN_REASON_CODE), ("NumberOfPhyTypes", c_ulong), ("dot11PhyTypes", DOT11_PHY_TYPE * WLAN_MAX_PHY_TYPE_NUMBER), ("MorePhyTypes", c_bool), ("wlanSignalQuality", c_ulong), ("SecurityEnabled", c_bool), ("dot11DefaultAuthAlgorithm", DOT11_AUTH_ALGORITHM), ("dot11DefaultCipherAlgorithm", DOT11_CIPHER_ALGORITHM), ("Flags", DWORD), ("Reserved", DWORD) ] class WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_LIST(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("NumberOfItems", DWORD), ("Index", DWORD), ("Network", WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK * 1) ] DOT11_MAC_ADDRESS = c_ubyte * 6 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGORITHM = c_uint DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_NONE = 0x00 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_WEP40 = 0x01 DOT11_CIPHER_ALGO_TKIP = 0x02 DOT11_PHY_TYPE = c_uint DOT11_PHY_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0 DOT11_PHY_TYPE_ANY = 0 DOT11_PHY_TYPE_FHSS = 1 DOT11_PHY_TYPE_DSSS = 2 DOT11_PHY_TYPE_IRBASEBAND = 3 DOT11_PHY_TYPE_OFDM = 4 DOT11_PHY_TYPE_HRDSSS = 5 DOT11_PHY_TYPE_ERP = 6 DOT11_PHY_TYPE_HT = 7 DOT11_PHY_TYPE_IHV_START = 0X80000000 DOT11_PHY_TYPE_IHV_END = 0XFFFFFFFF class WLAN_RATE_SET(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("uRateSetLength", c_ulong), ("usRateSet", c_ushort * 126) ] class WLAN_BSS_ENTRY(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("dot11Ssid",DOT11_SSID), ("uPhyId",c_ulong), ("dot11Bssid", DOT11_MAC_ADDRESS), ("dot11BssType", DOT11_BSS_TYPE), ("dot11BssPhyType", DOT11_PHY_TYPE), ("lRssi", c_long), ("uLinkQuality", c_ulong), ("bInRegDomain", c_bool), ("usBeaconPeriod",c_ushort), ("ullTimestamp", c_ulonglong), ("ullHostTimestamp",c_ulonglong), ("usCapabilityInformation",c_ushort), ("ulChCenterFrequency", c_ulong), ("wlanRateSet",WLAN_RATE_SET), ("ulIeOffset", c_ulong), ("ulIeSize", c_ulong)] class WLAN_BSS_LIST(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("TotalSize", DWORD), ("NumberOfItems", DWORD), ("NetworkBSS", WLAN_BSS_ENTRY * 1) ] class WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_LIST_BSS(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("TotalSize", DWORD), ("NumberOfItems", DWORD), ("Network", WLAN_BSS_ENTRY * 1) ] WlanOpenHandle = wlanapi.WlanOpenHandle WlanOpenHandle.argtypes = (DWORD, c_void_p, POINTER(DWORD), POINTER(HANDLE)) WlanOpenHandle.restype = DWORD WlanCloseHandle = wlanapi.WlanCloseHandle WlanCloseHandle.argtypes = (HANDLE, c_void_p) WlanCloseHandle.restype = DWORD WlanEnumInterfaces = wlanapi.WlanEnumInterfaces WlanEnumInterfaces.argtypes = (HANDLE, c_void_p, POINTER(POINTER(WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO_LIST))) WlanEnumInterfaces.restype = DWORD WlanGetAvailableNetworkList = wlanapi.WlanGetAvailableNetworkList WlanGetAvailableNetworkList.argtypes = (HANDLE, POINTER(GUID), DWORD, c_void_p, POINTER(POINTER(WLAN_AVAILABLE_NETWORK_LIST))) WlanGetAvailableNetworkList.restype = DWORD WlanGetNetworkBssList = wlanapi.WlanGetNetworkBssList WlanGetNetworkBssList.argtypes = (HANDLE, POINTER(GUID),POINTER(GUID),POINTER(GUID), c_bool, c_void_p, POINTER(POINTER(WLAN_BSS_LIST))) WlanGetNetworkBssList.restype = DWORD WlanFreeMemory = wlanapi.WlanFreeMemory WlanFreeMemory.argtypes = [c_void_p] WlanScan = wlanapi.WlanScan WlanScan.argtypes = (HANDLE, POINTER(GUID),c_void_p,c_void_p, c_void_p) WlanScan.restype = DWORD def get_interface(): NegotiatedVersion = DWORD() ClientHandle = HANDLE() ret = WlanOpenHandle(1, None, byref(NegotiatedVersion), byref(ClientHandle)) if ret != ERROR_SUCCESS: exit(FormatError(ret)) # find all wireless network interfaces pInterfaceList = pointer(WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO_LIST()) ret = WlanEnumInterfaces(ClientHandle, None, byref(pInterfaceList)) if ret != ERROR_SUCCESS: exit(FormatError(ret)) try: ifaces = customresize(pInterfaceList.contents.InterfaceInfo, pInterfaceList.contents.NumberOfItems) # find each available network for each interface for iface in ifaces: #print "Interface: %s" % (iface.strInterfaceDescription) interface = iface.strInterfaceDescription finally: WlanFreeMemory(pInterfaceList) return interface class MAC_BSSID_POWER: """Classe para os valores retirados""" def __init__(self, mac, bssid): self.mac = str(mac) self.bssid = str(bssid) self.valores = [] def addPower(self,power): self.valores.append(int(power)) def getBssid(self): return self.bssid def getPowers(self): return self.valores def getMac(self): return self.mac def get_BSSI(): BSSI_Values={} NegotiatedVersion = DWORD() ClientHandle = HANDLE() ret = WlanOpenHandle(1, None, byref(NegotiatedVersion), byref(ClientHandle)) if ret != ERROR_SUCCESS: exit(FormatError(ret)) # find all wireless network interfaces pInterfaceList = pointer(WLAN_INTERFACE_INFO_LIST()) ret = WlanEnumInterfaces(ClientHandle, None, byref(pInterfaceList)) if ret != ERROR_SUCCESS: exit(FormatError(ret)) try: ifaces = customresize(pInterfaceList.contents.InterfaceInfo, pInterfaceList.contents.NumberOfItems) # find each available network for each interface for iface in ifaces: # print "Interface: %s" % (iface.strInterfaceDescription) pAvailableNetworkList2 = pointer(WLAN_BSS_LIST()) ret2 = WlanGetNetworkBssList(ClientHandle, byref(iface.InterfaceGuid), None, None,True,None, byref(pAvailableNetworkList2)) if ret2 != ERROR_SUCCESS: exit(FormatError(ret2)) try: retScan = WlanScan(ClientHandle,byref(iface.InterfaceGuid),None,None,None) if retScan != ERROR_SUCCESS: exit(FormatError(retScan)) avail_net_list2 = pAvailableNetworkList2.contents networks2 = customresize(avail_net_list2.NetworkBSS, avail_net_list2.NumberOfItems) for network in networks2: SSID = str(network.dot11Ssid.SSID[:network.dot11Ssid.SSIDLength]) BSSID = ':'.join('%02x' % b for b in network.dot11Bssid).upper() signal_strength = str(network.lRssi) # print "SSID: " + SSID + " BSSID: "+ BSSID+ " SS: "+signal_strength BSSI_Values[BSSID] = [SSID,signal_strength] #print "Total "+str(len(networks2)) #print BSSI_Values finally: WlanFreeMemory(pAvailableNetworkList2) WlanCloseHandle(ClientHandle,None) finally: WlanFreeMemory(pInterfaceList) return BSSI_Values def get_BSSI_times_and_total_seconds(times,seconds): BSSI_to_return = {} for i in range(0,seconds*times): time_to_sleep = float(1.0/times) time.sleep(time_to_sleep) got_bssi_temp = get_BSSI() for bssi in got_bssi_temp: if not BSSI_to_return.get(bssi): BSSI_to_return[bssi] = MAC_BSSID_POWER(bssi,got_bssi_temp[bssi][0]) BSSI_to_return[bssi].addPower( got_bssi_temp[bssi][1] ) #BSSI_to_return[bssi] = [got_bssi_temp[bssi][1]] else: BSSI_to_return[bssi].addPower( got_bssi_temp[bssi][1] ) #BSSI_to_return[bssi].append(got_bssi_temp[bssi][1]) print "Medicao "+str(i)+" de "+str(seconds*times) print BSSI_to_return return BSSI_to_return if __name__ == '__main__': #print get_interface() import time test = get_BSSI() for i in range(0,10): time.sleep(0.5) oldTest = test test = get_BSSI() print "Teste: "+str(i) if oldTest == test: print "IGUAL" else: print "DIFERENTE" print test print "End"